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Thursday 16 April 2015

I’m pro-life. And I don’t see why that’s a problem.


Quite a few weeks ago now at Oxford, I went to a panel discussion hosted by Oxford Students for Life, a society which takes the minority view on issues like abortion and assisted suicide in a very liberal nation. I was very frustrated after the discussion was over and thought of writing a post right there and then as writing has always provided me a form of release – but with the craziness of Oxford terms I didn’t have the time to set aside to write a post. Now I’m on my Easter break, so…

Let me first provide you with the background to explain why I was so frustrated. This panel discussion gave the floor to five women – and these women were all pro-life feminists. Yes, pro-life and feminist. There is no reason why those two words need be incompatible, contrary to one attendee’s attack: “How can you call yourself a feminist and sit up there and say those things?” That was the kind of attitude that annoyed me.

A short while before I made my way over to the event I heard that people were planning to protest about the event taking place. Not again, I thought. The previous term Oxford University had made the headlines yet again, for shutting down a debate (also hosted by OSFL) on abortion because of fears posed to the ‘security’ of students. It was yet another example of how views that differ from the norm get shut down and deemed invalid. On the other hand, the Oxford Union invited the far-right party leader of the Front National in France to speak uninterrupted for 50 minutes and claimed her right to free speech. Double standards anyone? So someone exposed as having racist, xenophobic and Islamophobic views is given one of the most prominent platforms in the world to speak – with little thought given to the pre-existing status of the university as notoriously institutionally racist and a place where ethnic minorities often feel marginalised (don’t get me started on how Cecil Rhodes, the infamous racist and imperialist behind the colonisation of much of Southern Africa , is prized by the university  – there’s a scholarship and a library in his name and all), but peaceful people who want to talk about abortion and why they believe it’s harmful to society are told they’re the ones that are going to cause ‘mental and physical harm? 

Being pro-life means that you value a child’s right to life. Feminism means you believe in the equality of the sexes. I do not in any way see how you can’t subscribe to both those outlooks.

If you’ve followed other posts that I’ve written then you’ll already know why I identify as a feminist. What I’m going to explain today is why I am pro-life: that is, why I don’t believe in abortion. I hope that you will hear me out (or, read me out, as the case may be).

1. ABORTION TAKES AWAY THE RIGHTS OF AN INNOCENT HUMAN BEING.


Abortion is the taking away of a life. That’s usually called murder. But in the case of an unborn child many countries deem termination in a different light. Apparently if you don’t have a voice you don’t count as a human being. Many will state matter-of-factly: “Oh it’s just a ball of cells”. I would argue – and scientific research would validate my stance – that from the moment the sperm cell fertilises the egg cell a life has been formed. And thus begins one of God’s greatest gifts to nature: the gift of life.

2 IT'S A MARK OF WORRYING INDIVIDUALISM.


I don’t believe in abortion because I don’t believe I have more rights than any other human being. The same affinity that I feel with victimised Muslims even though I’m a Christian I feel with unborn babies – and that affinity is the web of humanity.

Unfortunately however, I feel the individualism that our society prioritises: the ‘me before anyone else’ attitude which revolves around ‘me, myself and I’ means that often the solidarity the concept of human solidarity goes outta the window. Our interests matter more than anyone else’s. So of course in this context our plans to continue with higher education or get promoted at work become more important than an unexpected and unwanted pregnancy. And hey, abortion’s very easy to get nowadays! On average around 190,000 abortions are carried out each year in England and Wales alone. In spite of the fact that technically, the 1967 Abortion Act did not legalise abortion – rather it provided a legal defence for those implementing it – termination is seen as a quick fix for many, with the latest statistics even revealing that many now use it as a form of contraception. The conditions which allow for abortion are ambiguous, with the first being that continuing with the pregnancy involves ‘a greater risk to the physical or mental health of the woman, or her existing children, than having a termination’. 

This is so undefined that many exploit the system citing reasons such as "my friends would get to party all night whilst I’d have to stay at home looking after my kid" as the causal factor for depression. And these are typically young teenage girls who have no problem saying yes to sex, just take issue with the consequence that could come with it. I remember once reading about a girl who by the age of fifteen had gone through with an abortion four times (despite the fact that the legal age of consent in the UK is 16), with one being the termination of a foetus conceived during a one-night stand.

It does seem rather absurd to me that some Oxford students involved in shutting down the OSFL debate some months ago used the mantra ‘my uterus is not up for debate’ as their reason. Abortion is a global societal issue and has real consequences for the mother, the father, society at large – not to mention the tiny foetus whose respiratory and circulatory system gets shut down.

Do you know that 97% of abortions in the UK are funded by the National Health Service? Surely that makes it an issue that anybody paying taxes has a right to discuss.

3. IS IT REALLY PRO-CHOICE?


The people that condemn those like me who take a pro-life stance on the issue insist that we’re being unfair and that we’re not taking into account the genuine difficulties that some women may face that push them to have an abortion. I remember one of the things that really frustrated me at this panel discussion I attended was the complete unwillingness by some who disagreed with the speakers’ point of view to hear them out and mull over what they were trying to say: which, put simply, was that the right to life supersedes any other right and that abortion is harmful to all those involved.

I’ve often thought that ‘pro-choice’ as an ideology was rather unsuitably named. Is it really a choice? We know the embryo in the womb certainly doesn’t have a say in whether or not he or she can be born. But does the mother really have a say? Anecdotes and official reports from the British Medical Association would seem to prove otherwise. I have heard cases of women only being given leaflets on termination by GPs and other medical professionals, with absolutely no information provided about the other option – going through with the pregnancy with adequate help along the way. Young vulnerable women often feel pressured into getting rid of their babies, especially when they are often conscious of the very real possibility that their partners might leave them if they discovered they would have to take on the role of a father. Often women turn up at abortion clinics because they have explicitly been told by their boyfriends that if they go through with the pregnancy then that will be the end of their relationship. Under such circumstances I don’t really see how it’s the woman’s choice.

4. IT PROMOTES DANGEROUS ATTITUDES TOWARDS CERTAIN STIGMATISED GROUPS.


Something that really moved me emotionally as I listened to these pro-life women tell their stories was the recurring theme of termination as being targeted at particular groups already under-valued in society. No-one really talks about it and few people know it – but abortions are disproportionately carried out on foetuses that screening indicates show signs of disability. Babies with Down’s Syndrome and even cleft lips (which can be surgically altered after birth) are deemed unworthy of being brought into the world. This is unbelievably sad and says a lot about our society’s views on disabled people. Shockingly, unlike the termination of any other pregnancy, the abortion of disabled foetuses can be carried out at any point up till birth. Those that disagree with me may say that letting someone who would have an awful life off having to live it is the kindest thing to do.  But who can say what an awful life is? I’ve gone through a lot of things in my life that if you knew the whole of you might be surprised I was still alive (in fact it’s something I wonder at myself, but I have an answer – God has been the strength of my life), but in spite of everything I would say I’m still a very bubbly and happy person and have a lot of things to be thankful for! Why shouldn’t someone born with a severe disability be able to say the same of themselves? Nick Vujicic is a motivational speaker who was born with neither arms nor legs yet has overcome towering difficulties through his faith in Christ and is now happily married with a son! http://www.attitudeisaltitude.com/

Baroness Tanni Grey-Thompson is another example that ‘disabled’ people are very able. She’s a paralysed and wheelchair-bound former athlete who has won eleven gold medals in the Paralympics and has managed to do a lot of things that people told her she couldn’t do (including having a daughter) despite being told by some people that she’d ‘be better off dead.’ I attended a talk she gave on assisted suicide in Oxford not too long ago – and I was particularly struck by her point that ending someone’s life solely on the grounds that their disability affords them a different quality of life only increases hostility to disabled people, who, already subjected to a great deal of discrimination, are now more frequently and more forcibly being told to go and kill themselves. The same can be said of abortion that is carried out to end a disabled foetus’ life, I would argue: the effects will be felt by those who do make it into the world and grow up.

With Baroness Grey-Thompson after her talk. When I introduced myself to her I described myself as "a lover of athletics and a hater of injustice." She approved.
Moreover, as much as science has advanced, humans still make mistakes. One of the speakers at the panel discussion gave a personal account of how her mum had been pushed to have an abortion when she was pregnant with her son as doctors believed he would be born with Down’s Syndrome – but many years on he shows no signs of it!

It’s scary how some people will take things into their own hands when given the power to do so. One of the guest speakers, who works as a paediatrician at Great Ormond Street Hospital, told us of reports that had revealed that many doctors were signing the forms required to be completed before a termination can take place even before they had met the woman involved to assess her mental state – as required by law. Another common occurrence is that often ethnic minority communities are targeted as in need of an abortion and are discouraged from giving birth.

Some in the audience laughed at this suggestion and even declined to lend an ear to the idea as it was further explained. The speaker that introduced this theme spoke about how in the United States, more deprived areas, often populated by ethnic minority citizens, are strategically fitted with abortion clinics – with a disproportionate number in these places in comparison with more well-off parts of the country.  People have noted the roots that the Planned Parenthood association in America has in eugenics.

Racial discrepancies and the targeting of physically impaired babies aren’t the only discrepancies we see in abortion figures. That’s right: girls are also disproportionately targeted for terminations. Ironic really, isn’t it? The same people that tell us that as feminists we should be in favour of abortion are supporting a procedure which has enabled the “disappearance” of between 1,500 and 4,700 females from the national census records of England and Wales  (The Lost Girls) and thousands more in countries like India and China.

Such discrepancies would appear to point to evidence of the belief that some people are more worthy of living than others. This is an incredibly harmful position for a society to take.

5. HARM TO THE MOTHER AND OTHERS


Few people broach the issue but it’s clear that abortion often results in serious damage to the potential mother. The physical and mental damage suffered by the mother as a result of termination, I would argue, often exceeds the physical and mental trauma that the pregnancy itself may bring on. 

Over the years I have read distressing stories of women who went through with abortion and have regretted it deeply ever since. Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and clinical depression are some of the many emotional hardships that women face post-abortion: the grisly image of their babies being grabbed at and dismembered by the doctor’s forceps is too much for them to bear. Women who go through with abortions are up to six times more likely to commit suicide.

Everyone talks about the ‘quick fix’ that abortion provides without talking about the multiple injuries that it engenders. The doctors that hand women leaflets on termination but not on the support available during pregnancy or the possibility of adoption tell them that they will feel no pain, the process will be over quickly, the baby’s just a ball of cells, and at their age it is the best thing for them to do. In my view these are all a bunch of lies. The abortion procedure can very often go wrong and can be painful for the woman. Here’s one American woman’s account of her distressing experience: ‘The nurses caused me to bleed, then they called the doctor on call. They told him I came in bleeding, to make it look like I had tried to do the abortion myself. I never even saw the doctor.  I will never forget the pain. When I woke up, I was having contractions like being in labour.  Two weeks later, I had to go to an OB/Gyn because I had a bad infection. He had to cauterize my uterus, which he did without anaesthesia. I remember screaming, and he told me I was making too much noise.’ You can read her story in full here: If I Could do it Over: Silent No More Awareness

People try to hide it but it is a fact that abortion can cause complications which may lead to miscarriages: permanent damage to the uterus is a common result of the procedure. The more abortions a woman has (and many do have more than one), the more her fertility reduces. As well as infertility, sexual intercourse can often become painful for the woman post-abortion.

That’s not to mention the problems that it causes for others directly involved. With the mantra: ‘my body, my choice’, some fathers feel the woman’s word is against theirs and resign themselves to losing a potential child. Although it may not have been their body which had a life sucked out of it, male partners do often suffer from depression after abortion. Relationships are poisoned and often eventually end in divorce. http://www.birthmothers.org/extras/abortion-risks.htm

Studies have even shown that there are even adverse effects for the children that follow an abortion.  Case studies and research indicate that if a mother has had an abortion, this fact will be communicated in one way or another to the surviving siblings. The thought that must earn their right to live leads to thoughts like: ‘Why am I alive, and not my brother or sister? I don't deserve to be alive. I can't enjoy life when I know that my parents might have killed me. They arranged for the death of my brothers or sisters, who were probably better than me.’ Sibling Survivors

As well as the immediate family, abortion harms all. It shows a flippant attitude to the preciousness of life, where it is no longer seen as a gift, but instead a burden which we should be able to rid ourselves of as we like.

6.  CHILDLESS COUPLES ARE ALL AROUND.


This attitude is particularly upsetting for couples who long to have children but cannot due to genetic problems which may leave them infertile. It seems ironic really, that millions of children are being killed off before they’re born every year whilst there are loving couples who would give their right arm to be handed the gift of a child. In the United States alone, there are around 2 million infertile couples waiting to adopt. Studies show that for every one child put up for adoption, there are thirty-six couples.

I know what you might be thinking: That’s all very well and good Ruth, but what about rape? Surely you don’t expect a woman to have to go through carrying her rapist’s child? I don’t pretend that this is an easy thing to do: we all know that rape is a vile act and having a constant reminder of such a horrific event is not something I would wish upon anybody. But as the speakers at the panel discussion I went to emphasised, abortion is harmful to all those involved. The effects that may follow an abortion could well be worse than the act of rape itself. Adoption provides a way for the woman to give her child a safe home without having to handle the hurt that comes with rape. But some women do more than just have the child – they go on to raise the child that has resulted from their violation and see that child as a beautiful thing to have come out of a horrible time.

I was deeply moved by this story I read – written by a girl who was conceived through rape: http://www.silentnomoreawareness.org/testimonies/testimony.aspx?ID=1154. I’m sure you will be too.

A harrowing phenomenon which no-one really seems to consider is the cases of abortions that don’t go as planned.  As in, the babies survive. Shockingly, health services typically leave the babies to die in such cases – there have been cases where new-borns have been left in dark rooms and survived for as long as 22 hours but have been ignored as they cry at the top of their lungs for human aid. Then there are the other cases – where the dark shadows have been conquered by a light has come in the form of a kind soul who wants the child to live. I would recommend that you read this story, written by an abortion survivor. http://www.silentnomoreawareness.org/testimonies/testimony.aspx?ID=2208


7. LIFE IS A BEAUTIFUL THING.


I’m pro-life and I wouldn’t have it any other way. Thank you for taking the time to read this and not shutting me down. 

Edit: 30th Dec 2016 - Yesterday I came across these deeply moving chats about abortion, and I would highly recommend that you take a look at them:




10 comments:

  1. Is abortion always a bad thing?
    http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/paraguay/11575694/Girl-10-raped-by-stepfather-denied-abortion-in-Paraguay.html

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    1. Hi there, I fully recognise that this is a sensitive and difficult issue, but I believe I've already addressed your question in my post. See the 2nd paragraph of subtitle No. 6, entitled 'Childless Couples are All Around'. I've copied that section below:

      "I know what you might be thinking: That’s all very well and good Ruth, but what about rape? Surely you don’t expect a woman to have to go through carrying her rapist’s child? I don’t pretend that this is an easy thing to do: we all know that rape is a vile act and having a constant reminder of such a horrific event is not something I would wish upon anybody. But as the speakers at the panel discussion I went to emphasised, abortion is harmful to all those involved. The effects that may follow an abortion could well be worse than the act of rape itself. Adoption provides a way for the woman to give her child a safe home without having to handle the hurt that comes with rape. But some women do more than just have the child – they go on to raise the child that has resulted from their violation and see that child as a beautiful thing to have come out of a horrible time.

      I was deeply moved by this story I read – written by a girl who was conceived through rape: http://www.silentnomoreawareness.org/testimonies/testimony.aspx?ID=1154. I’m sure you will be too."

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  2. Here's another article I've written on abortion if anyone's interested: http://blog.oxfordstudentsforlife.co.uk/2015/06/14/abortion-and-disability-the-case-for-social-justice/

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  3. Ruth,

    I just wanted to thank you for writing this blog post. I'm a student at Oxford too, and I'm due to start my DPhil next October (I also blog :)).

    I recently discovered that I am pregnant, and the thought of ending my baby's life made abortion impossible for me to go through with, despite so much pressure to do so from those around me. I, too, have been made to believe I have out-dated and stupid views on this topic- and it has helped me so much to read this and know that I am not alone in my views and opinions.

    Good luck with your studies, and keep writing :)

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    1. Thank you so much for your encouraging comment. As you're also a student at Oxford, I would encourage you to check out the Oxford Students for Life website (I've 'linked' it in the comment above yours). As well as being a pro-life society, OSFL also provides support to student parents. (You might have already known this, of course, but I thought it might be useful to say just in case you weren't aware.) You are definitely not alone in your views. Thank you for writing me the message and reminding me that there are other people out there that share my views!

      I'm really sorry you've had to go through the pressure of feeling forced to do something that doesn't sit right with you. I'm really happy for you that you've chosen life and I wish you all the best with this pregnancy and the child that comes from it!

      And good luck with your PhD. :)

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  4. So the stress of going through an abortion is waaaay worse than 9 months of pregnancy, plus the physical agony of childbirth and the resulting 18 years of bringing up a child? That makes total sense, obviously. Even if you bring adoption into the equation (which you seem very fond of doing) there's still pregnancy and childbirth and possible post natal depression and problems with the birth etc. I feel the problem with your articles is that you are very quick to write hundreds of words explaining your own view without very much thought for any possible alternatives.
    What you're talking about in this article is forcing a woman to complete a pregnancy she didn't want in the first place. Whether she ended up pregnant through failed contraception, rape, or just general sex, it is the woman's choice whether or not to continue the pregnancy. That's what pro-choice means. It means leaving it up to the woman to decide.
    Also, the part where you say: "Some fathers feel the woman’s word is against theirs and resign themselves to losing a potential child. Although it may not have been their body which had a life sucked out of it, male partners do often suffer from depression after abortion. Relationships are poisoned and often eventually end in divorce." First, damn straight the pregnant party in a relationship has more of a say in this matter, seeing as it's their body. Secondly, your partner should be supportive through situations like this. If your husband/boyfriend/whoever isn't willing to understand then you should not be with that person. No one should be forced to carry a child they don't want.
    I'll continue in another comment. Apparently this one was too long.

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  5. My next point, which I don't think you mentioned at all here, is the financial issues surrounding bringing a child into the world. For example, right now I would definitely not have a child. If I got pregnant, my boyfriend and I both agree that we would abort. This isn't because we don't want a child at some point in the future, it's because we are not in a situation right now where we could bring up a child. I live with my parents, he lives with his over 20 miles away. Neither of us has a full-time, steady job. This wouldn't be a healthy way to bring up a child for anyone involved. It would definitely affect my own mental health as well as my mother's, my boyfriend's, my boyfriend's parents', our entire families', not to mention the child. I personally feel it's better to wait until a child can be brought into a healthy, happy home.
    With regards to disabled children being aborted, again, some people do not have the means to support a child that has specific needs. Sometimes it's just not possible.
    I know I keep dotting around your article finding things to debate but I keep rereading it and finding more problems (as in, the entire article is a problem). Something that rubbed me the wrong way was this comment: "And these are typically young teenage girls who have no problem saying yes to sex." WOAH. Calm down with your sex-shaming there. Some people have sex. Some people even LIKE sex (OMG, I know right? Shocking behaviour.) but that doesn't give you the right to get all high and mighty about it. You're saving yourself for your future husband. Fine, that's your choice. Not everyone wants to make that choice. I love sex. Sex is great. It's relaxing and freeing and stress relieving and most of all, it's a way for me to connect with my boyfriend on a very basal level. Are you going to tell me I'm wrong? Lucky for me, I don't care. But sex shaming young girls isn't productive. It's better to educate them on staying safe, enjoying themselves and others responsibly and then teaching them how to deal with consequences. I'm talking proper sex education here. I mean, in schools. They teach you all sorts of useless stuff, I'm sure they could spare 10 minutes to teach you how to put a condom on properly - BAM, teen pregnancy has already been reduced. You're welcome. Just yelling "SEX IS BAD" is not going to stop sex from happening. In fact it'll probably go the other way. Anyway, I got a bit off track there. Basically, don't sex-shame.
    I'm gonna go all the way back up to the top now. And comment on this: "This panel discussion gave the floor to five women – and these women were all pro-life feminists." Listen, I get that it was a pro-life meeting, but having five people just sit around agreeing with each other isn't a discussion panel, it's just a group of people having a chat about pregnancy. To get a proper discussion going you need opinions from both sides. This is a problem on both sides, I understand that. The pro-choice movement can be just as narrow-minded as the pro-life movement. We all just need to listen to each other more, maybe we could actually learn something and find a way to either compromise or agree to disagree.
    You also seem very eager to share stories about abortions gone wrong, but never once have you actually given statistics or mentioned the thousands upon thousands of abortions that have gone right. This, again, shows your bias towards the argument.
    (Again, I'll continue in the next comment.)

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  6. My last point is that even if the pro life movement eventually wins out, even if abortions are no longer funded by the NHS or if they are banned completely, PEOPLE WILL STILL HAVE ABORTIONS. They will just find shadier ways of doing it. And by this I mean illegal, backstreet abortions. You're a well educated girl, surely you know that backstreet abortions are much much more dangerous all round than safe, legal, sanitary abortions in a proper clinic. If you think the pain and mental trauma of a proper abortion is bad then imagine the ramifications of driving hundreds of women to these shady ass abortion clinics. It wouldn't be good.
    Have you ever heard of overpopulation? Britain is currently overpopulated, like it or not. The children that would be the product of unwanted pregnancies would not have as good a standard of living. In 2013 alone, 185,331 abortions were carried out in England and Wales. That's a lot of children to find housing space, school space, and hospital space for. That level of growth in our country could not be supported by the government. (https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/319460/Abortion_Statistics__England_and_Wales_2013.pdf - reference for the statistic I used there.)
    Finally, I leave you with this thought: you care about the life of an unborn foetus more than the mental, physical, emotional, and financial wellbeing of not only the mother, but the father, and both of their families. I think you need to get your priorities straight.

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    1. Dear Anonymous, thank you for your comments, which I would say have been written with deep passion and honesty. My response is as follows:

      Firstly, on the point of which is worse - abortion or pregnancy/child-bearing and rearing, I think most would say that 18 years of bringing up a child is a blessing, not a burden, as your comment would seem to suggest.

      Your main concern appears to be that the woman may not be ready to handle the emotional and financial responsibilities that come with the blessing of raising a child. In articulating this, have you not considered that it might be better for the woman to wait until she is ready to take this on before putting herself at risk of pregnancy, if the pregnancy would lead to her killing the child?

      I find it very interesting the way you sideline the mental health problems that can often ensue from abortion and instead talk only about the mental health effects that might develop should you choose to raise a child under your current situation. It seems in the event that you should choose to raise a child the mental health of others carries more weight than it would in the case of abortion: the mental health of your boyfriend; your boyfriend’s parents; your entire families; and of course the child, are now also counted alongside your own wellbeing. Ironically, at least to my eyes, the mental health of all the people you list would be more adversely affected in the case of abortion. You say the woman’s partner should be supportive in situations like this: which you see as being supportive of an abortion. Personally I don’t think it is supportive of a partner to encourage their other half to undertake a procedure which can bring on post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, infertility, permanent damage to the uterus and suicidal thoughts. And those are just the mental and physical harms for the potential mother. The partner in such an instance would be affected by his other half’s response post-abortion, (as discussed in my blog post) which as well as the things listed above can also include an aversion to sex – which usually does harm to relationships and certainly makes it difficult to conceive again. You say that your entire families would be affected should you have a child now, but I think the strains that often follow an abortion and can cause couples to split up, can affect ‘entire families’ quite deeply. And lastly you mention the child. The result of all this can in fact mean that in the case that a couple chooses to abort their baby before they feel ready to bring a child into the world, by the time they do have a baby, their home is not the ‘healthy, happy home’ to which you referred.

      Your response to my point about disabled people being aborted to me underlines a problem: rather than telling ourselves that it’s not possible to rear children with disabilities, shouldn’t we be giving people in such situations the support and facilities they need to be able to live happy, healthy lives?

      Next – at no point did I say that sex was wrong or bad. If you read my post ‘Why I Choose not to have a Boyfriend’ (http://thechannelforchange.blogspot.uk/2015/03/why-i-choose-not-to-have-boyfriend.html) you’ll find that I think quite the opposite, just that – as you seem to already know – I believe that sex is reserved for one particular state: that of marriage. I am not disputing whether or not you or others enjoy sex. Sex is the ultimate way for a couple to unite and it is meant to feel special. So on the point of “connecting” with your boyfriend, do you not think having a child together would be the most solid and meaningful symbol of your love and connection? If so, why abort that child if that love is genuine?

      With regards to giving statistics of ‘abortions that have gone right’, I hope you can see that for me, as a Christian writing on a post entitled ‘I’m pro-life. And I don’t see why that’s a problem’, the words ‘abortion’ and ‘right’ cannot go together. That’s because in my eyes it is always wrong to kill a child.

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    2. To conclude, please note that my comments are not intended to condemn or to force those who are already pregnant to subscribe to my view, but rather are intended to encourage people to think deeply about the greater consequences beforehand so that they can take greater measures to avoid being placed in the position where they would have to consider abortion. Best wishes, Ruth

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